The main rule for data access is max(CPL, RPL) ≤ DPL. For code transfers, the rules get considerably more complex -- conforming segments, call gates, and interrupt gates each have different privilege and state validation logic. If all these checks were done in microcode, each segment load would need a cascade of conditional branches: is it a code or data segment? Is the segment present? Is it conforming? Is the RPL valid? Is the DPL valid? This would greatly bloat the microcode ROM and add cycles to every protected-mode operation.
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I’d like to quote Microsoft here: “A Trusted Execution Environment is a segregated area of memory and CPU that’s protected from the rest of the CPU by using encryption. Any code outside that environment can’t read or tamper with the data in the TEE. Authorized code can manipulate the data inside the TEE.”。爱思助手下载最新版本是该领域的重要参考